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What does the biosphere consist of?

  1. All ecosystems and living organisms in the sea.

  2. Only the terrestrial ecosystems and organisms.

  3. Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.

  4. The upper layer of the Earth's mantle.

The correct answer is: Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.

The biosphere refers to all living organisms and their environments on Earth. Option A is incorrect because it only includes ecosystems and living organisms in the sea, excluding those on land. Option B is incorrect because it only includes terrestrial ecosystems and organisms, excluding those in other environments like water and the atmosphere. Option D is incorrect because the biosphere includes all living things, not just the upper layer of the Earth's mantle. Option C is the most comprehensive and accurate answer as it encompasses all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists.