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What is the lithosphere?

  1. The layer of Earth's atmosphere where life exists.

  2. The body of water covering the Earth's surface.

  3. The solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle.

  4. A collective term for all ecosystems on Earth.

The correct answer is: The solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle.

The lithosphere is the solid, outer layer of the Earth that includes both the crust and the rigid upper portion of the mantle. This is different from option A which describes the atmosphere, B which describes the hydrosphere (water), and D which encompasses all living organisms in the biosphere. The lithosphere specifically refers to the combination of the Earth's solid geologic materials, making it the correct choice in this question.