Which of the following are the three states of matter?

The correct answer identifies the three fundamental states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. In this context, solids have a defined shape and volume due to tightly packed particles. Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, with particles that are less tightly packed and can move around freely. Gases have neither a defined shape nor a fixed volume, as their particles are far apart and move freely in all directions.

The other options do not accurately represent the three primary states of matter. For instance, ice is simply the solid form of water and does not qualify as a distinct state of matter, as it falls under the solid category. Similarly, terms like soluble and insoluble refer to the ability of substances to dissolve in a solvent, not states of matter. Lastly, while "vapor" refers to a gaseous state that can occur from a liquid (like water vapor), it is not considered a separate state of matter but rather a transitional state. Therefore, solid, liquid, and gas are the foundational categories that encompass the distinct characteristics and behaviors of matter.